100% Mortgage – This is when you borrow the full property value from a mortgage broker. This type of mortgage requires no deposit or down payment, and is therefore popular with first-time buyers. However, because of the credit crunch, 100% mortgages are hard to come by.

Adverse (or bad) Credit Mortgages – These are, as the name suggests, available to people with a low, or nonexistent, credit score. These are increasingly hard to come by, and usually have a very high interest rate attached. It’s better to rent and work on improving your credit score before applying for a mortgage. They are also known as sub-prime mortgages.

Base Rate Tracker – Interest rates on all mortgages fluctuate, but a Tracker mortgage will vary depending on the base rate set by the Bank of England. For example; if the deal you find offers base rate plus 0.75% for life, you will always pay exactly 0.75% over the base rate, whatever it is. The advantage of this is that if the base rate goes down, so do your repayments, and quicker than with a standard variable mortgage (covered below).

Capped Rate Mortgage – Another rare deal, the capped mortgage guarantees that you will not pay more than a pre-determined amount of interest on your repayments over a set period of time, no matter how much they go up. The admin fees on this type of mortgage are usually higher than on more standard deals, but there is the advantage of knowing, at least for a few years, that your payments won’t rise above a certain level.

Current Account Mortgages – Relatively new on the mortgage market, this type of mortgage, often called a combined mortgage, works like a bank account. You get a fully functioning bank account with direct debit facilities, chequebook and statements, and your earnings are paid into this account. The amount of the mortgage is also paid into this account, and it works like a big overdraft – you can borrow money from it to pay for holidays etc, but this theoretically gets repaid as your wages are paid in. the temptation is to borrow a little too much when faced with such a large amount of cash, so this is only really good for those who can manage their money well!

Divorced Mortgages – Some lenders recognise that a couple in the midst of divorce, or a newly divorced homeowner, may need special assistance. Therefore, certain mortgages come with a fixed interest rate for up to 5 years, with an interest free period for the first few months. For the new divorcees buying a home, alimony payments can be calculated into the income when determining a mortgage limit. These mortgages are often 100% deals, and are only offered to divorcees.

Endowment Mortgage – These mortgages are linked to the Stock Market. Often called an ‘interest-only’ mortgage, your monthly repayments only cover the interest due; the idea being that your investments will do well enough to pay off the whole capital at the end of the term. Of course, if your investments fail to make you money, you could be faced with a huge debt at the end of the term.

Fixed Rate Mortgage – Like all mortgages, this has good and bad points. You get a fixed monthly payment amount for a set term – usually between 1 and 5 years – and during this time you are guaranteed to pay that amount no matter what happens to interest rates. It’s good because you know exactly what you’ll be paying for that term but at the end, you might be in for a nasty shock if rates have risen substantially. In addition, if rates drop below the rate you’re paying during your fixed term, you’ll be paying more than you would on a different type of mortgage.

Flexible Mortgage – This type of mortgage deal has massive benefits as it allows you to vary your mortgage payment amounts, under- or over-pay as needed, and even miss payments altogether if you need cash for a holiday or Christmas. Potentially you could save thousands in interest if you pay off this type of mortgage early, as there are no repayment penalties as with other deals. But again, you need to be responsible with this as the interest will keep mounting up during a payment holiday.

Guarantor Mortgages – A guarantor is a person who acts as a kind of financial backup for a borrower. In the case of mortgages, the guarantor would be responsible for repayments should the borrower default. It’s a huge responsibility which involves a lot of trust on both sides, but for a first-time buyer it can be a good solution to a first mortgage. A guarantor needs to prove that they could afford your repayments as well as their own commitments in the event of a default. Most lenders will look favourably on an applicant with a guarantor, so it’s worth securing one even if you don’t foresee any problems.

This concludes part one of the mortgages guide. Part two will cover more mortgages such as offset mortgages and the classic repayment mortgage.

Investment Mortgage – More commonly known as a buy-to-let mortgage, this type of deal involves getting a mortgage on a property which you intend to rent out to someone else. Instead of being calculated according to your income, an investment mortgage is calculated based on the projected income from your investment, for example a house being rented out as student accommodation. A BTL mortgage deposit is typically 10%, and is available is a repayment or interest-only option.

Key Worker or Shared Ownership Mortgages – These are a newer type of deal which allows someone in rented accommodation from a Council or housing association to purchase part of the property they occupy, while still paying rent on the other half. This option is also available for ‘key workers’ such as nurses, teachers or police officers, who are typically on lower incomes. First-time buyers can also benefit from these schemes, as there are some which allow part-purchase of new homes from participating builders.

Offset Mortgage – If you have substantial savings, an offset mortgage can be a great way to keep your repayments to a minimum. It takes the amount you have in a savings account and counts this towards you total mortgage debt and therefore reduces the amount you owe. When you earn interest on your cash savings, you avoid paying interest on the equivalent amount of your mortgage. The principle is similar to a current account, or combined mortgage (see part 1).

Overseas Mortgage – This is self-explanatory; it’s a mortgage you take out on a property abroad. It typically involves more work and potentially higher admin costs, and of course if you’re planning on renting out the property to tourists you need to make sure the demand is there. But if you choose the location carefully you could reap the rewards and recoup your initial costs. Different countries have different property laws so you’re better off consulting with a specialist overseas mortgage broker before making any final decisions.

Pension Mortgage – This is a form of endowment mortgage, with the repayments going towards paying the interest each month. But instead of investing directly in shares, a pension mortgage requires you to pay an additional sum into a pension plan to cover the capital at the end of the term. This is still tied to the Stock Market and therefore cannot guarantee to cover the whole capital at the end. Payments into the pension plan must be kept up regardless of other financial hardships if the final sum is to stand a chance of clearing your capital, but as a pension plan is not legally accessible until after the age of 55, some of the temptation to spend it is removed. One major disadvantage this has over a repayment mortgage is that there is no opt-out; you’re tied to the deal until you reach retirement age. Potentially this could mean a term much longer than the standard 25 years, and therefore more interest would be paid.

Repayment Mortgage – We come to the mainstay of the mortgage industry, and the most common type of deal. A repayment mortgage is the only way you are guaranteed to have full ownership of a property at the end of the term, provided you’ve kept up with repayments. The amount you pay each month on this type of mortgage is used to pay off part of the interest and part of the capital, so there is nothing left to pay at the end of the mortgage period. The early years of a repayment mortgage are mainly spent paying off the interest and only a small amount of the capital, but this is often preferable to other types where you pay off nothing but the interest.

Remortgage – If you’re part-way through paying off your mortgage, and find you need a large amount of cash for repairs, renovations or perhaps even a holiday or wedding, you could remortgage your home and release some of the equity on it. This often involves switching lenders to find a better deal i.e. a lower interest rate, or perhaps taking out a new mortgage for the full property value and using this cash to pay off your current, lower, one. But be careful if you decide to do this, as there may be an early repayment penalty on your existing mortgage.

Self-certification Mortgage – Often assumed to be only for the self-employed, this type of mortgage is useful for anyone who cannot guarantee or prove an exact income amount or do not wish to disclose their total annual salary. People such as seasonal workers or freelancers, or perhaps company directors who do not have a fixed annual salary are all eligible for a self-certification mortgage. Other than the standard credit checks, there are no checks made on your financial status, income or employment record, so it stands to reason that a good credit rating is necessary for this mortgage.

Standard Variable Rate Mortgage – An extremely common type of mortgage, this takes its interest rates from the base rate like a tracker mortgage, but charges a higher additional percentage. So, the interest rate you pay will fluctuate when the base rate does, but you may pay 2% over instead of 0.75% (see part 1 of this guide for more details on base rate tracker mortgages). In addition, any drops in the base rate won’t necessarily pass benefits to you straight away, as the interest on these mortgages tends to be calculated monthly or annual rather than daily. Those with poor credit scores will end up paying a higher additional percentage than those with good credit histories.

It’s important to remember than none of these mortgages are mutually exclusive. For example, you could have overseas mortgages with capped rates, or remortgage from a tracker base rate to a standard variable rate. In all circumstances, it’s best to seek expert advice and shop around for the best rates.